Resumen
El texto analiza el fenómeno transnacional de la desinformación en el espacio iberoamericano y las principales iniciativas desarrolladas para combatirlo. Revisa múltiples iniciativas de investigación, monitorización y verificación de datos en la región, así como el papel de ciertas organizaciones internacionales. Asimismo, subraya la importancia del periodismo y la verificación de datos como barreras frente a la desinformación, aunque reconoce la erosión de la confianza pública. Para mitigar los efectos de la desinformación, el texto aboga por estrategias combinadas basadas en la cooperación, la alfabetización mediática, la investigación y el fortalecimiento institucional

Abstract [ENG]
The text analyzes the transnational phenomenon of disinformation in the Ibero-American sphere and the main initiatives developed to combat it. It reviews multiple research, monitoring, and fact-checking initiatives in the region, as well as the role of several international organizations. It also underscores the importance of journalism and fact-checking as barriers against disinformation, while acknowledging the erosion of public trust. To mitigate the effects of disinformation, the text advocates for combined strategies based on cooperation, media literacy, research, and institutional strengthening.

Abstract

This chapter explores the persistent problem of disinformation in elections. It analyses its most common objectives and methods as well as its usual consequences, which include political manipulation, polarisation, discrediting of candidates, and delegitimisation of the system and the election results. The planned dissemination of false or biased information also results in the demobilisation of the electorate and social division. In an international framework, the text examines the main disinformation narratives detected in electoral processes since the phenomenon gained international traction in 2015 while reflecting on their short- and long-term political consequences. This analysis reveals the continuing relevance of the problem and the need to address it with effective measures.

Abstract

This article addresses the growing global assault on academic freedom—a cornerstone of democratic societies now under increasing threat from authoritarian regimes. It highlights a global decline in that freedom since its peak 20 years ago, focusing on the United States in 2025 to illustrate rapidly escalating academic silencing, even in a country with well-established democratic freedoms and institutions. Drawing on the collective expertise of international scholars in digital journalism studies (DJS)—a field situated at the crossroads of vulnerable institutions—and informed by anonymous reports from U.S.-based academics as well as the wider academic literature, this commentary examines the impact of political interference, censorship, and self-censorship in academia. It argues that DJS as a field must develop approaches that actively resist authoritarianism and uphold freedom of expression and inquiry. The commentary concludes with a normative framework for doing this, proposing a three-pronged approach to defending the larger field, the scholarship within it, and the wellbeing of individual scholars of digital journalism studies.